I. Early Company Rule & Expansion (18th Century) ⚔️

• 1600 CE: Formation of English East India Company (EIC). 🇬🇧
• 1613 CE: EIC establishes its first factory at Surat. 🏭
• 1612 CE: Battle of Swally Hole (EIC defeats Portuguese). 💪
• 1639 CE: Foundation of Madras (Fort St. George). 🏛️
• 1668 CE: Bombay acquired by EIC from King Charles II. 🏝️
• 1690 CE: Job Charnock founds Calcutta. 🌆
• 1698 CE: EIC acquires zamindari rights of Sutanuti, Gobindapur, Kalikata (forming Calcutta).
• 1740s-1760s:Carnatic Wars (Anglo-French rivalry for dominance in India). 🇫🇷⚔️🇬🇧
  • 1746-1748: First Carnatic War (Battle of St. Thome).
  • 1749-1754: Second Carnatic War.
  • 1757-1763: Third Carnatic War (Seven Years’ War in Europe).
  • 1760: Battle of Wandiwash (British decisively defeat French). 💥
• 1757: Battle of Plassey (Robert Clive defeats Siraj-ud-Daulah, Nawab of Bengal). Beginning of British political dominance in India. 💰
• 1764: Battle of Buxar (British defeat combined forces of Mir Qasim, Nawab of Awadh, Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II). Secures British paramountcy in Bengal. 👑
• 1765: Treaty of Allahabad (EIC secures Diwani rights of Bengal, Bihar, Orissa). 📜
• 1767-1799:Anglo-Mysore Wars (4 wars).
  • 1767-1769: First Anglo-Mysore War (Treaty of Madras).
  • 1780-1784: Second Anglo-Mysore War (Treaty of Mangalore).
  • 1790-1792: Third Anglo-Mysore War (Treaty of Seringapatam).
  • 1799: Fourth Anglo-Mysore War (Death of Tipu Sultan, annexation of Mysore). 🐅
• 1772: Warren Hastings appointed first Governor of Bengal.
• 1773: Regulating Act (First step by British Parliament to control EIC). 📑
• 1784: Pitt’s India Act (Further British government control over EIC).
• 1793: Permanent Settlement introduced in Bengal (Lord Cornwallis). 🌾

II. Consolidation & Major Governor-Generals (Early 19th Century) 🌍

• 1798: Subsidiary Alliance System introduced by Lord Wellesley. 🤝
• 1803-1805: Second Anglo-Maratha War (British defeat major Maratha chiefs). ⚔️
• 1813: Charter Act of 1813 (Ended EIC’s monopoly on trade with India, opened trade to all British merchants). 🚢
• 1817-1818: Third Anglo-Maratha War (British decisively defeat and dismantle Maratha Empire). Peshwaship abolished. 🔚
• 1828-1835: Lord William Bentinck as Governor-General.
• 1833: Charter Act of 1833 (EIC becomes purely an administrative body, Lord William Bentinck becomes first Governor-General of India).
• 1835: English adopted as the medium of instruction (Macaulay’s Minute). 📚
• 1839: Death of Maharaja Ranjit Singh.
• 1845-1849:Anglo-Sikh Wars (2 wars).
  • 1845-1846: First Anglo-Sikh War.
  • 1848-1849: Second Anglo-Sikh War (Annexation of Punjab). 🦁
• 1848-1856: Lord Dalhousie as Governor-General.
• 1853: First railway line (Bombay to Thane). 🚂
• 1853: First telegraph line (Calcutta to Agra). telegraph
• 1854: Wood’s Despatch (Magna Carta of English Education in India). 🎓
• 1856: Annexation of Awadh (Oudh) on grounds of misgovernance. 💔

III. Socio-Religious Reforms & Educational Developments 🌱

• 1829: Abolition of Sati (Lord William Bentinck, with Raja Ram Mohan Roy’s efforts). 🔥🚫
• 1856: Hindu Widow Remarriage Act (Lord Dalhousie, with Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar’s efforts). 👰‍♀️
• 1835: English Education Act.
• 1857: Establishment of Universities at Calcutta, Bombay, and Madras. 🏫

IV. Revolts & Resistance (Pre-1857) ✊

• 1770: Great Bengal Famine. 💀
• 1760s-1770s: Sanyasi Rebellion.
• 1776-1777: Chuar Uprising.
• 1820s-1830s: Tribal revolts (e.g., Bhil, Koli, Khasi, Kol Uprising). 🌳
• 1831: Munda Uprising (Chota Nagpur).
• 1838: Faraizi Movement (Bengal).
• 1855-1856: Santhal Rebellion (led by Sidhu & Kanhu Murmu). 🏹

V. The Great Revolt of 1857 & its Aftermath 💥

• May 10, 1857: Sepoy Mutiny begins at Meerut. 🔫
• Leaders: Bahadur Shah Zafar (Delhi), Nana Saheb (Kanpur), Rani Lakshmibai (Jhansi), Begum Hazrat Mahal (Lucknow), Kunwar Singh (Bihar). 👑🐅⚔️👸👴
• 1858: Government of India Act 1858 (Transfers power from EIC to British Crown). 👑
• 1858: Queen Victoria’s Proclamation (Assurances to Indian princes, religious freedom). 📜
• 1858: Lord Canning becomes the first Viceroy of India.
• Post-1857: Reorganization of Indian Army (increased European troops, caste-based recruitment). 💂‍♂️
• Post-1857: Intensification of “Divide and Rule” policy. 🔪

VI. Crown Rule & Administrative Changes (Late 19th Century) 🇬🇧

• 1861: Indian Councils Act (Introduced representative institutions). 🏛️
• 1861: Indian Civil Service Act. 🧑‍💻
• 1862: High Courts established at Calcutta, Bombay, Madras. ⚖️
• 1872: First Census of India (non-synchronous, under Lord Mayo). 📊
• 1875: Arya Samaj founded by Swami Dayanand Saraswati. 🙏
• 1876: Royal Titles Act (Queen Victoria proclaimed Empress of India). 👑
• 1877: Delhi Durbar (Coronation Park).
• 1878: Vernacular Press Act (Lord Lytton – gagging the vernacular press). 📰🚫
• 1878: Arms Act (Lord Lytton – requiring licenses for arms). 🔫
• 1881: First synchronous Census of India (Lord Ripon). 📊
• 1883: Ilbert Bill Controversy (Lord Ripon – allowing Indian judges to try Europeans, faced strong opposition). 🧑‍⚖️
• 1885: Formation of Indian National Congress (INC) by A.O. Hume. 🇮🇳🤝

VII. Rise of Nationalism & Early Nationalist Agitation (Late 19th – Early 20th Century) 🇮🇳

• 1892: Indian Councils Act of 1892 (Increased size of legislative councils).
• 1897: Ramakrishna Mission founded by Swami Vivekananda. 🙏
• 1899-1905: Lord Curzon as Viceroy.
• 1905: Partition of Bengal (Lord Curzon – divided Bengal, major catalyst for nationalism). 💔
• 1905: Swadeshi Movement (Boycott of foreign goods, promotion of indigenous industries, mass protests). ✊🛍️🚫
• 1906: Formation of All-India Muslim League. ☪️
• 1907: Surat Split (INC divided into Moderates and Extremists). 💥
• 1909: Minto-Morley Reforms (Indian Councils Act 1909 – introduced separate electorates for Muslims). 🗳️

VIII. Gandhian Era & Mass Movements (Early 20th Century) 🕊️

• 1911: Annulment of Partition of Bengal.
• 1911: Transfer of capital from Calcutta to Delhi. ➡️🏛️
• 1914-1918: World War I. 🌎
• 1915: Mahatma Gandhi returns to India from South Africa. 🚶‍♂️
• 1916: Lucknow Pact (Congress & Muslim League united, Moderates & Extremists reunited). 🤝
• 1916: Home Rule League Movement (Tilak & Annie Besant).
• 1917: Champaran Satyagraha (Gandhi’s first civil disobedience in India). 🌱
• 1918: Ahmedabad Mill Strike, Kheda Satyagraha.
• 1919: Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms (Government of India Act 1919 – introduced Diarchy in provinces).
• 1919: Rowlatt Act (Black Act – oppressive legislation). 📜
• 1919: Jallianwala Bagh Massacre (Amritsar, General Dyer). 🩸
• 1920-1922: Non-Cooperation Movement (Gandhi’s first mass movement). 🚫
• 1922: Chauri Chaura incident (violence, leading to suspension of Non-Cooperation Movement). 🔥
• 1928: Simon Commission arrives in India (boycotted). 🚫
• 1929: Lahore Session of INC (Resolution for Purna Swaraj / Complete Independence). 🇮🇳
• 1930: Dandi March (Salt Satyagraha). 🧂🚶‍♀️
• 1930-1932: Civil Disobedience Movement. ✊
• 1930-1932: First, Second, Third Round Table Conferences. 🤝
• 1931: Gandhi-Irwin Pact.
• 1932: Poona Pact (Gandhi & B.R. Ambedkar, regarding depressed classes).
• 1935: Government of India Act 1935 (Introduced provincial autonomy, abolished diarchy, federal structure). 📑

IX. World Wars, Constitutional Developments & Towards Independence 🕊️

• 1937: Provincial elections, Congress ministries formed.
• 1939: Outbreak of World War II. Congress ministries resign. 🌍
• 1940: Pakistan Resolution (Lahore Session of Muslim League, demand for separate Muslim state). 🇵🇰
• 1940: August Offer.
• 1942: Cripps Mission (failed to gain Indian support for WWII).
• 1942: Quit India Movement (Gandhi’s “Do or Die” call). 🇮🇳➡️
• 1943-1944: Bengal Famine. 💀
• 1945: Wavell Plan & Simla Conference.
• 1946: Cabinet Mission Plan (Proposed a federal structure, rejected by Muslim League). 🗺️
• 1946: Direct Action Day (Muslim League, communal violence). 🔪
• 1946: Formation of Interim Government.
• 1947: Mountbatten Plan (Plan for Partition of India and transfer of power). 💔
• 1947: Indian Independence Act 1947 (Creation of two independent dominions: India and Pakistan). 📜
• August 15, 1947: India gains Independence. 🎉🇮🇳