What kind of image is formed by a convex lens when the object is beyond the focal length?
Real and inverted
What is the angle between the incident ray and the normal called?
Angle of incidence
What do we call the bending of light when it passes from one medium to another?
Refraction
What causes the phenomenon of mirage?
Refraction of light in layers of air with varying temperatures
What is the principle behind the working of a periscope?
Reflection
The ratio of size of the image to the size of the object is called ____.
Magnification
Which lens is used for farsightedness?
Convex
With what is the intensity of light measured?
Photometer
What is the term for light emitted by an object at high temperature?
Incandescence
Twinkling of star is due to ____.
Refraction of light
The incident ray, the reflected ray, and the normal to the mirror at the point of incidence all lie in the ____.
Same plane
What is the image called that can be projected on a screen?
Real image
What causes a star to shine on its own light?
Sun
Which lens is used in a simple microscope?
Convex lens
What is the name of the focal point on the opposite side of a convex lens?
Secondary focus
What causes the dispersion of white light?
Different wavelengths refract by different amounts
What is the term for the image seen in a plane mirror?
Virtual image
What causes optical illusions like mirages?
Refraction
Convex mirror is used in ____.
Street light lamps
In which order are the colours in the rainbow?
VIBGYOR
What causes the sun to appear red during sunrise and sunset?
Scattering of shorter wavelengths
What is the term used when light bounces off a surface?
Reflection
Rainbow is caused by ____.
Dispersion of sunlight
What type of lens is used to spread out light rays?
Concave lens
What causes the shimmering effect seen on hot roads during summer?
Refraction due to temperature gradients
Light speed is ____.
3 x 10⁸ m/s
What type of lens is used in spectacles for correcting myopia?
Concave lens
What is the normal line in reflection and refraction?
A line perpendicular to the surface at the point of incidence
Due to refraction from Earth’s atmosphere, the stars appear to ____.
Twinkle
What is the name of the optical instrument used to measure angles of incidence and refraction?
Goniometer
Light incident on a glass prism disperses into seven colours in this sequence: ____.
VIBGYOR
What is the relationship between magnification (M), image distance (v), and object distance (u)?
M = v/u
What is the critical angle?
The angle of incidence above which total internal reflection occurs
Person suffering from myopia uses ____.
Concave lens
What is the optical center of a lens?
The point through which rays pass undeviated
What is the term for light waves vibrating in one plane only?
Polarization
Which lens is thinner at the center than at the edges?
Concave lens
Which mirror is used in vehicle headlights to produce a parallel beam of light?
Concave mirror
What property of light causes it to travel in a straight line?
Rectilinear propagation
What is the name of the line that passes through the center of curvature and the pole of a mirror?
Principal axis
What is total internal reflection?
Complete reflection of light inside a denser medium at the boundary with a rarer medium
What happens to light when it passes from air to glass?
It bends towards the normal
What is the phenomenon when light waves overlap and combine?
Interference
What is the name of the angle between the refracted ray and the normal?
Angle of refraction
The main source of heat is the ____.
Sun
The Sun is visible about ____. before the actual sunrise because of refraction.
2 minutes
Name the defect of eye in which a person cannot simultaneously focus on both horizontal and vertical lines?
Astigmatism
What type of image does a convex mirror always produce?
Virtual, erect, and diminished
What is the name of the lens used in a camera?
Convex lens
What phenomenon causes the blue color of the ocean?
Scattering of light
What is the lens formula?
1/f = 1/v - 1/u
Concave lens is called a ____.
Diverging lens
What is the term for bending of light around edges or obstacles?
Diffraction
Focal length is the distance between ____.
Focus and pole (f = R/2)
What is the term for the distance between the optical center and the principal focus of a lens?
Focal length
What causes the apparent displacement of an object submerged in water?
Refraction
If Earth did not have an atmosphere, the sky would be ____.
Black like outer space
Photoelectric effect was explained by ____.
Einstein
Sunlight becomes visible in a room due to ____.
Tyndall effect
The primary source of light is ____.
Sun
What is a light year?
Measure distance
Which instrument uses a combination of lenses to magnify faraway objects?
Telescope
The image formed by a convex mirror is always ____.
Virtual and erect
What is the point called where the rays of light meet after reflection or refraction?
Focus
The line passing through midpoint of lens and principal axis is called ____.
Pole
What is the dark spot on the retina called where the optic nerve leaves the eye?
Blind spot
If the image of an object is small and real, the lens used will be ____.
Convex
What is the term for the bright central spot seen in the interference pattern of light?
Central maximum
What is the name of the lens used in corrective glasses for hypermetropia?
Convex lens
What optical device is used to split light into its component colors?
Prism
What is the function of the cornea in the human eye?
Refracts light into the eye
Sparkling of diamond, mirage, looming, shining of air bubbles in water, and optical fiber are examples of ____.
Total internal reflection
What kind of mirror is used in vehicle side mirrors?
Convex mirror
What is the principle used in microscopes to magnify objects?
Refraction and magnification
Which mirror is used for rear view in cars?
Convex mirror
What type of wave is light?
Electromagnetic wave
What happens to light intensity as it passes through a polarizer?
It becomes polarized and intensity decreases
The device which converts solar energy into electrical energy is called ____.
Solar cell
What kind of image does a convex lens form when the object is between the lens and focal point?
Virtual and magnified
Type of image formed in a concave mirror?
Real and virtual
Which law states that the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection?
Law of reflection
Light after reflection meets at a point on the principal axis called ____.
Focus (F)
What is the angle called between the incident ray and the reflected ray?
Angle of reflection
What type of mirror is used in shaving mirrors?
Concave mirror
Light is a ____.
Transverse wave
What optical instrument is used to study microscopic organisms?
Microscope
Which of the following is used as a magnifying glass?
Convex lens
What is the unit of luminous intensity?
Candela
What is the shape of a concave lens?
Thinner at center
Which instrument is used to see heavenly bodies?
Telescope
What is the term for a device that separates light into colors by refraction?
Prism
For what reason does the color of the sky appear blue?
Scattering of light
A spherical mirror whose reflecting surface is curved inwards is called a ____.
Concave mirror
What is the relationship between the radius of curvature (R) and focal length (f) of a mirror?
f = R/2
Which part of the eye adjusts the size of the pupil?
Iris
What is the unit of power of a lens?
Diopter
How long does it take for the rays of sun to reach Earth?
500 seconds or 8 minutes 19 seconds
Which property of light causes rainbows to form?
Dispersion
Which mirror is used in solar furnaces to focus sunlight?
Concave mirror
Out of all nuclear radiation, the most damaging radiation is ____.
Gamma
Which part of the eye contains photoreceptor cells?
Retina
What happens to light speed as it passes from air into glass?
It decreases
Sun is the source of ____.
Natural light on earth
What is the point called where rays parallel to the principal axis converge in a concave mirror?
Focus
Power of a lens is measured in which of the following?
Diopters
Right appears left and left appears right in mirror; this is called ____.
Lateral inversion
Convex lens is called a ____.
Converging lens
Which is not a primary colour?
Yellow
The visible light has wavelengths between ____.
400–700 nm
What kind of image is formed by a plane mirror?
Virtual and upright
Which color of light bends the least during refraction?
Red
When sunlight comes out of the prism, which color deviates the most?
Violet
Astigmatism is corrected with ____.
Cylindrical lens
The midpoint of a spherical mirror is called ____.
Pole
What type of mirror is used to produce a magnified image in makeup mirrors?
Concave mirror
The image formed by a concave mirror is generally ____.
Real and inverted
What is the blind spot in the eye?
Area without photoreceptors where the optic nerve leaves the eye
What is the image distance if the object is at infinity for a convex lens?
At the focal point
What will the red ribbon look like in green light?
Black
The sky appears blue because of ____.
Scattering of light by air molecules
What kind of wave is light classified as?
Electromagnetic wave
Which color of light has the highest frequency?
Violet
What is the transparent part of the eye through which light enters?
Cornea
What happens to the focal length of a lens if it is made thicker?
Focal length decreases
What type of lens is used in a projector to enlarge images?
Convex lens
Electrical energy is converted into what inside a photocell?
Light energy
Bending of light rays when travelling from one transparent medium to another is called ____.
Refraction of light
What kind of image is formed by a convex mirror?
Virtual, erect, and diminished
What is the function of the pupil in the human eye?
Controls light entering the eye
What is the speed of light in water compared to air?
Slower in water
What is the phenomenon called when light bends around obstacles?
Diffraction
What is the term for the path followed by light?
Ray
What is the effect called when white light splits into colors after passing through a prism?
Dispersion
What is the term for light traveling in all directions equally?
Diffuse light
Person suffering from hypermetropia uses ____.
Convex lens
A coin appears at a ____.
Lesser depth in water
Sky is blue because of ____.
Scattering of light
What is the speed of light in vacuum?
Approximately 3 x 10^8 m/s
Concave mirror is used in ____.
Searchlights
Optics is a branch of physics that deals with the study of ____.
Light
What property of light allows us to see objects around us?
Reflection
What is the minimum distance at which a normal eye can see an object clearly?
Near point (about 25 cm)
What is the unit used to measure the focal length of a lens?
Meter (m)
Light is a form of ____.
Energy
Which device uses refraction to correct vision defects?
Spectacles
What is the device called that uses two lenses to magnify distant objects?
Telescope
How many colors are there in sunlight?
7
An eclipse of Sun takes place when the moon passes between the ____.
Sun and the Earth
The angle of incidence is equal to the ____.
Angle of reflection
What is the principal focus of a concave mirror?
The point where parallel rays converge
What happens to light rays when they pass through a concave lens?
They diverge
What phenomenon causes the twinkling of stars?
Atmospheric refraction
What is the effect of increasing wavelength on the diffraction of light?
Diffraction increases
What is the function of the retina in the eye?
Detects light and forms images
Which part of the eye controls the amount of light entering?
Iris
What phenomenon causes a straw in a glass of water to appear bent?
Refraction
Isaac Newton discovered white light consists of ____.
Seven colours
Which color of light has the shortest wavelength in visible spectrum?
Violet
What kind of image does a plane mirror form?
Virtual and same size
What is the range of visible light wavelengths in nanometers?
400-700 nm
What is the main cause of shadows?
Opaque objects blocking light
Primary colors are ____, ____, and ____?
Red, Green, Blue
Red has the lowest ____. and the highest ____.
Frequency, wavelength
How long does it take for sunlight to reach the surface of the earth?
8 minutes 20 secs